Le Quéré and a number of colleagues were studying a natural weather cycle, the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave, which circles Antarctica in the Southern Ocean. Rather than huddling over bottles of water on a ship in the middle of winter, Corinne Le Quéré huddles in front of a computer screen in her office at the University of East Anglia. Feely, R., Sabine, C., Lee, K., Berelson, W., Kleypas, J., Fabry, V., Millero, F. (2004, July 16). Will the Southern Ocean return to normal as Antarctic ozone recovers? As temperatures rise, carbon dioxide leaks out of the ocean like a glass of root beer going flat on a warm day. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. Law, R., Matear, R., Francey, R. (2008, February 1). Over decades, natural cycles in weather and ocean currents alter the rate at which the ocean soaks up and vents carbon dioxide. Two other groups have challenged her study in letters to Science, where her work was published, but Le Quéré is standing by her results. Sabine, C. and Feely, R. (2007). That’s unexpected because carbon dioxide is increasing so fast in the atmosphere that you would expect the sink to increase as well,” says Le Quéré. The effect of water type on the absorption and desorption of carbon dioxide in bubble columns. (2004). Mohammad. Your Mendeley pairing has expired. In the North Pacific. “We were trying to see if we could detect which direction the carbon dioxide flux changed when the circumpolar wave passed through,” says Le Quéré. The new water takes up yet more carbon to match the atmosphere, while the old water carries the carbon it has captured into the ocean. Everyone has a task and a place. F.J. Tamajón, Estrella Álvarez, Fernando Cerdeira, Diego Gómez-Díaz. In addition to the wind-driven currents that gently stir the center of ocean basins (the waters that are most limited by stratification), the ocean’s natural, large-scale circulation drags deep water to the surface here and there. Bouchra Belaissaoui, Joan Claveria-Baro, Ana Lorenzo-Hernando, David Albarracin Zaidiza, Elodie Chabanon, Christophe Castel, Sabine Rode, Denis Roizard, Eric Favre. Feely, R., Takahashi, T., Wanninkhof, R., McPhaden, M., Cosca, C., Sutherland, S., Carr, M. (2006, August 23). The idea seemed simple enough: the more carbon dioxide that people pumped into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, the more the oceans would absorb. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. “And now, I think the changes in ocean physics [mixing] are very important as well. Instead, they found that people aren’t the only players changing the ocean carbon cycle. The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in ocean water (y axis) depends on the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere (shaded curves) and the temperature of the water (x axis). Find more information about Crossref citation counts. This simplified graph shows that as atmospheric CO2 increases from pre-industrial levels (blue) to double (2X) the pre-industrial amounts (light green), the ocean CO2 concentration increases as well. The available data show inconsistent trends and an abundance of system- and geometry-specific correlations/models to predict the mass-transfer performance, which may explain the inefficient design of most industrially available contactors. Abstract. Miller (eds.)]. “When I started about 15 years ago, it was assumed that the circulation of the ocean did not change. “It links back to man-made impacts on the climate.” The idea that the man-made ozone hole and global warming have changed the Southern Ocean carbon sink is “disturbing on the one hand, but extremely interesting also,” says Jorge Sarmiento, an ocean modeler and Le Quéré’s former mentor at Princeton University. High-performance of modified Al 2 O 3 hollow fiber membranes for CO 2 absorption at room temperature. When carbon dioxide enters the ocean, it dissolves in saltwater. Scientists wanted to understand how the ocean carbon cycle might change so that they could make more accurate predictions about global warming. Potentialities of a dense skin hollow fiber membrane contactor for biogas purification by pressurized water absorption. Unlike Feely and other observational oceanographers who had been trying to measure the human impact on the ocean carbon cycle for decades, Le Quéré simply wanted to understand how natural processes could change the way the Southern Ocean takes carbon from the atmosphere. Scattered across the southern hemisphere, a number of isolated weather stations track concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. High frequency ultrasonic-assisted CO 2 absorption in a high pressure water batch system. When Le Quéré plugged atmospheric measurements from the Southern Ocean between 1981 and 2004 into her model, she was startled by the result—something far more interesting than the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. An oceanographer who studies the ocean carbon cycle at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, he’s been at this sort of thing for almost forty years. The ocean does not take up carbon uniformly. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. Schuster and Watson believed they saw stratification at work in the North Atlantic, but the drop in the amount of carbon being taken up was too large for global warming to be acting alone. If global warming causes upwelling areas like the high latitudes or the equatorial Pacific to stratify, then the natural carbon dioxide that is normally released during venting may just stay in the deep ocean. The technology has evolved over the past decade as scientists realized that to understand the ocean carbon cycle, they are going to have to look for the human fingerprint in ocean circulation and biology, not just in ocean chemistry. 4
Thus motivated, oceanographers began a series of research cruises, trolling across the Pacific from Japan to California, from Alaska to Hawaii, and through the North Atlantic from Europe to North America. This article is a comprehensive review of the literature dealing with the transfer of carbon dioxide to water where no chemical reactions are taking place. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b03972, https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10090234, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-3012-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116674, https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2019.1593832, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101717, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.054, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2019.102977, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2019.09.008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2018.10.042, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.060, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2017.07.016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.03.068, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.04.004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2016.07.022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2016.04.037, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.02.025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2015.12.028, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.054, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.065, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2015.1015455.