The trend in the increase in average farm dimensions was accompanied by particularly high mechanization. Spanish domestic rice consumption equals to approximately 60 percent of total milled production, whereas Portuguese domestic production only covers half of the country’s rice demand. Portugal, whose area planted to rice is expected to remain stable in MY2012/13 is a net importer and has one of the largest per capita consumption rates within the EU. In certain areas with high salinity risk, rice cultivation is the only way to keep sea salt water away from the land, by cultivating in rice flooded conditions. Rice cultivation in the Iberian Peninsula implies the use of heavy machinery to level soil. The regulation distinguishes four categories, based on grain length (L) and length/width (L/W) ratio: Long A: L >6.0 mm, L/W<2.1–3.0; Long B: L >6.0, L/W = 3.0; Medium: L>5.2, L/W<3.0; Short: L <5.2, L/W <2.0. About Ricepedia | Rice Almanac | Contact us | Legal notice, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA), Institute for Food Research and Technology (IRTA), National Agricultural Research Foundation (NAGREF), The Council for Research and Experimentation in Agriculture - Rice Research Unit (CRA-RIS), Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), L'Institut de reserche pour le développement (IRD), Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA). Extremadura, Spain’s second largest rice growing region, has registered a marginal decline on plantings of about 5 percent, with farmers switching from rice to corn, whose water requirements are lower. However, rice production remains competitive when compared to alternative crops. NATURALLY SOURCED: Harvested, grown and sourced locally with the highest level of expertise from growers in the United States, Brazil, India and Vietnam. Local specialty varieties are highly appreciated in local markets, especially when they are associated with an Appellation of Protected Origin emphasizing their local origin and the environment-friendly specification of the cropping practices. At the retail level, the rice market in Spain is heavily dominated by large food groups, whose brands are well established in the market that face stiff competition from store brands, which represent about 60 percent of total domestic consumption. Rice production is regulated through the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the EU. Direct payments to rice producers were reduced by about 15 percent in MY2011/12 because the production area was over Spain’s EU quota. Source: MAGRAMA, Portugal’s National Statistics Institute and FAS estimates. This will reduce the surplus of long-rice in the market, which faces stiff competition of extra EU-imports, and increase production of round rice, which is preferred by Spanish and Portuguese consumers and is increasingly demanded by the export market. Spain is a net exporter of rice. The FAO network includes all the rice-growing countries on the Mediterranean in the EU (Spain, France, Greece, Italy, and Portugal) and outside it (Bulgaria, Egypt, Hungary, Morocco, Romania, Russia, and Turkey). According to the latest official estimates Spain’s rough rice production in MY 2012/13 could reach 863,000 MT. While japonica rice is preferred indica consumption continues to grow due to changing eating habits. This, combined with the extended use of certified seed, fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides makes Iberian Peninsula’s rice production input intensive. While traditionally Japonica varieties have obtained higher yields than indica, certain indica varieties, namely Puntal, reach very good output levels too. According to Portugal’s National Statistics Institute, a stable area compared to MY 2011/12 is projected for MY 2012/13 since water availability, in the Alentejo region in particular, would not allow for further area increases. Rice was introduced, after substantial development work, as a “pioneer” crop that leaches the soil, making it suitable for other crops (grapevines and grain crops). Other important components are milling quality, cooking and processing behavior, and grain fissuring. used in order to make the environmental impact of rice cropping as neutral as possible. Spain is the EU’s second largest rice growing Member State after Italy. EASY TO COOK: Simply add the rice to cold water and prepare on the stovetop. Spain’s indica rice production competes with third countries exports to other European Member States, largely dependent on imports. In most of the rice growing areas, rice production provides environmental benefits, since rice can be grown in salty soils. Rice doubtless spread to Italy from Portugal, first in the Kingdom of Naples and then in the plain of the river Po, where the crop became definitively established. In France, the whole production (18,000 ha) is concentrated in the Camargue region situated in the delta of the Rhone River. Today, rice cropping plays an important role in the maintenance of ecological equilibrium and biological richness of these fragile ecosystems. Rice is also produced in Valencia, the Ebro delta, and the Navarre region that enjoy more stable water supply. Through technical consultation and seminars, this network is making a strong contribution to the development of scientific and technical exchanges between its members, leading to collaboration in many areas: genetic resources, control of red rice, quality improvement, etc. The large majority of Portuguese rice exports consist on broken rice (HS Code 100640), which on average represents over 60 percent of rice exports expressed in milled equivalent. According to industry sources, the conversion factor to from rough rice into milled rice is estimated to rank from 0.7 to 0.72, including whole and broken kernels. This means creating new varieties with improved resource-use efficiency and resistance to biotic stresses (mainly blast and stem borers), and with indica-type grain quality. These research teams are collaborating with professional organizations of the rice sector in their own country. EU internal rice production contributes to alleviate EU’s dependency on rice imports. However, due to rising consumption levels of long grain rice, rice imports have increased. Rice was then a rare foodstuff, reserved for royal tables! European rice-growing areas resulted from the drainage of regions long considered as being unhealthy and inhospitable (the deltas of major rivers and alluvial plains) but that had abundant water resources. It also has to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, etc. Haiti and Japan were also major destinations for U.S.-grown rice. The large majority of rice production in the EU is concentrated in a few Member States, namely Italy, Spain, Greece, Portugal, France, Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary. Some 80% of EU rice production takes place in Italy and Spain, with a further 12% in Greece and Portugal. Rice was introduced in Greece following Alexander the Great’s expedition to Asia, as far as the banks of the Indus, in about 320 B.C. Two other major constraints are (1) the looming water shortage and the associated increase in weed pressure and soil salinity, especially in the coastal areas, and (2) the tougher EU regulations regarding the use of pesticides, thus drastically reducing the number of families of chemicals for crop protection. Greek rice production area used to be very scattered but is now concentrated around Thessaloniki (25,000 ha). In Portugal, the Carolino variety is the most extended variety of rice planted and it is consumed domestically. The remaining 617.10 Euros per hectare were integrated into the single payment, regardless or not the farmer to cultivate rice based on production levels in the reference period (years 2000, 2001 and 2002). Limited water availability in certain growing regions limited area planted to rice in MY2012/13. The remaining 647.70 Euros per hectare were integrated into the single payment in MY2005/06, based on production levels in the reference period (years 2000, 2001 and 2002). According to sources, no changes in terms of area are anticipated as a consequence of the decoupling of the subsidy in 2012, especially in producing areas where no viable alternative crops to be grown in salty conditions. Payments are calculated based on reference period MY2007/08 and MY2008/09. In MY2012/13, as a result of the lower area planted to rice, Spanish exportable supplies have been marginally reduced. Production of indica rice in Spain, grown mainly in Andalucía and Extremadura, experienced a substantial increase in production driven by the demand of indica varieties by other EU MS and stabilized over the last five years period, throughout which indica and japonica represent roughly fifty percent of total production each. Official Portuguese Statistics indicate production at 181,000 MT. The lack of herbicides and pesticides approved to manage weed and insect pests is one of the longstanding challenges faced by farmers. Rice isn’t a terrible food, but it’s important to avoid questionable GMO rice rejected by China and contaminating U.S. crop fields. 1785/2003). Industry sources indicate that in MY2013/14 there will be a switch from indica rice to japonica to reduce the surplus of long-rice in the market, which faces stiff competition of extra EU imports. Portugal is a net importer of rice. As the European rice sector also needs to improve its economic competitivity vis-à-vis imported rice, the new varieties should also have an improved yield potential.

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