[21], Rajiv Gandhi was in West Bengal on 31 October 1984 when his mother, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, was assassinated by two of her Sikh bodyguards, Satwant Singh and Beant Singh, to avenge the military attack on the Golden Temple during Operation Blue Star. [63] However, the Indian National Congress and the Congress-led UPA electoral alliance suffered their worst result in a general election ever, winning only 44 and 59 seats respectively. Delhi: South Asia Books. [64] Pitroda also said their plan to expand India's telephone network succeeded because of Gandhi's political support. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum. A week later, the party officially announced his candidacy for the constituency. She then bent down to touch his feet and detonated a belt laden with 700 g (1.5 lb) of RDX explosives tucked under her dress. [58] The Congress itself won 206 Lok Sabha seats, which was then the highest total by any party since 1991. According to this law, an elected Member of Parliament or legislative assembly could not join an opposition party until the next election. Sources discussing the welfare schemes and controversies. [19] Congress leader Mani Shankar Aiyar wrote, "Did it constitute an incitement to mass murder?" Alas, nuclear weapons are not the only weapons of mass destruction. At the India Leadership Conclave in 2009, the Revolutionary Leader of Modern India award was conferred posthumously on Gandhi. The court confirmed the death sentences of four of the convicts, including Nalini, on 11 May 1999. [72], Rahul Gandhi, taking responsibility of Congress party's second consecutive loss in general elections held in 2019, resigned from the post of President on May, 25. The cameraman, named Haribabu, died in the blast but the camera remained intact. Courtesy a contract signed with the Germany company HDW in 1981, the Indian government had agreed to purchase two ready submarines built in Germany by HDW and two submarines in CKD form to be assembled in Mazagaon docks. Hearing the news, he returned to Delhi and cremated Sanjay's body. [61] Gandhi also ended the Assam Movement, which was launched by Assamese people to protest against the alleged illegal migration of Bangladeshi Muslims and immigration of other Bengalis to their state, which had reduced the Assamese to a minority there. While campaigning for the elections, he was assassinated by a suicide bomber from the LTTE. [91] Rajiv's widow, Sonia Gandhi, intervened and asked for clemency for Nalini on the grounds of the latter being a mother. [26] In this context, the Times, London reported, "Mrs Gandhi was an 18-year-old student at a small language college in Cambridge in 1965, [...] when she met a handsome young engineering student". . The family house had leather bound books on writings and speeches of Mussolini. Gandhi declined the premiership following the 2004 victory; she instead led the ruling alliance and the National Advisory Council. However, the Madras High Court intervened and stayed their executions for eight weeks based on their petitions. [109], A Right to Information (RTI) request filed in August 2009 found that more than 450 government projects and schemes are named after the Gandhi-Nehru family. She is the president of the Indian National Congress, the left-of-centre political party, which has governed India for most of its post-independence history. [87][88][89] Nalini Sriharan, the only surviving member of the five-member squad behind the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, is serving life imprisonment. [clarification needed][78], Rajiv Gandhi's last public meeting was on 21 May 1991, at Sriperumbudur, a village approximately 40 km (25 mi) from Madras (present-day Chennai), where he was assassinated while campaigning for the Sriperumbudur Lok Sabha Congress candidate. Having stayed away from campaigning for elections since 2016, Gandhi addressed a rally at Bijapur, which comprised five legislative assembly constituencies; while Congress emerged as the second largest party in the election with 78 seats behind the BJP, the former won four or the five assembly seats from Bijapur. Nalini later gave birth to a girl, Harithra, in prison. He also criticised Gandhi for his reluctance to bring the army from Meerut to handle the mob. [41] He introduced measures to significantly reduce the Licence Raj after 1990, allowing businesses and individuals to purchase capital, consumer goods and import without bureaucratic restrictions. [20] In 1964, she went to study English at the Bell Educational Trust's language school in the city of Cambridge. His widow Sonia became the president of the Congress party in 1998 and led the party to victory in the 2004 and 2009 parliamentary elections. [3] Rajiv was sent to London in 1961 to study A-levels. [97], During Rajiv Gandhi's premiership (1984—1990), Entry into active politics and appointment as Congress President (1991—1998), Term as Leader of the Opposition (1999—2003), Electoral success and rise to power, UPA chairmanship (2004-2017), 2014 loss, resignation and subsequent reappointment as Congress President (2014—present). [36] Gandhi's colleague Arif Mohammad Khan, who was then a Member of Parliament, resigned in protest. [72] Eminent lawyer and politician, former Law Minister of India Ram Jethmalani said that as Prime Minister, Gandhi was "lacklustre and mediocre". Rajiv Ratna Gandhi (/ˈrɑːdʒiːv ˈɡɑːndiː/ (listen); 20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was an Indian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of India from 1984 to 1989. [107][108] A memorial called Veer Bhumi was constructed at the place of Gandhi's cremation in Delhi. He benefited from his youth and a general perception of being free of a background in corrupt politics. [96] New Statesman listed Sonia Gandhi at number 29 in their annual survey of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures" in the year 2010. . [53][54], As chairperson of the National Advisory Committee and the UPA, she played an important role in making the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme and the Right to Information Act into law. She won both seats but chose to represent Amethi. [10] As per Agarwal, in the week following Sanjay's death, Shankaracharya Swami Shri Swaroopanand, a saint from Badrinath, visited the family's house to offer his condolences. The ambit of our concern must extend to all means of mass annihilation. [18] The report submitted by the Asian Games committee mentions Gandhi's "drive, zeal and initiative" for the "outstanding success" of the games. [68][69], Gandhi returned to active politics for Indian National Congress' campaign for the 2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election. [31], In 1985, the Supreme Court of India ruled in favour of Muslim divorcee Shah Bano, declaring that her husband should give her alimony. [23] Stefano had named Sonia and her elder sister Nadia in the memory of the Italian participation in the Eastern Front. This mission was codenamed as Operation Flowers are Blooming. This was based on his prior historic speech before the Japanese National Diet on 29 November 1985, in which he said: Let us remove the mental partitions which obstruct the ennobling vision of the human family linked together in peace and prosperity. In 2004, he was posthumously cleared of this allegation. She has two children, Rahul Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi. In the election, she was re-elected by a 200,000-vote margin over nearest rival, in the Rae Bareli. [39] But according to Professor Atul Kohli of Princeton University in a book published by Cambridge University, Gandhi faced stiff opposition from Congress leadership who thought "it would open the economy to external economic influences". [66], In an interview in July 2005, V.P.Singh explained that his fall out with Rajiv Gandhi was not due to the Bofors deal, but rather due to the HDW deal. [2], He was admitted to the Welham Boys' School, Dehradun and Doon School, Dehradun in 1954, where Sanjay joined him two years later. [43] According to Laskar, the "whole gamut" of Rajiv Gandhi's foreign policy was "geared towards" making India "strong, independent, self-reliant and in the front rank of the nations of the world." [52][53], In February 1987, the Pakistani President Zia-ul-Haq visited Delhi, where he met Gandhi to discuss "routine military exercises of the Indian army" on the borders of Rajasthan and Punjab. [70], Opposition parties Lok Dal, Indian National Congress (Socialist) and Jan Morcha united under Singh to form the Janata Dal. Gandhi has since been credited for being instrumental in formulating the United Progressive Alliance (UPA), which was re-elected to power in 2009. [24] Gandhi has two sisters who still reside in Orbassano along with their mother. [92][93][94], Sonia was also named among the Time 100 most influential people in the world for the years 2007[95] and 2008.
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