He is often a Civil Engineer. FILLET: 3 to 6 inches wide chamfer for column to add beauty and strength by avoiding sharp angels. Arcade : A series of arches with their supporting columns or piers. SHEATHING: A sheet metal covering over underwater timber to protect it against marine borers; sheeting. This improves the final strength of concrete, particularly at the surface, and should reduce surface cracking or dusting. FLUME: A wooden, steel or concrete open channel to carry or measure water flows. RAVELLING OR FRETTING: Progressive disintegration of a pavement surface through the loss (Breaking away) of aggregate particles from a road surface. LOSS OF PRESTRESS: Losses of pre-stressing force after transfer arise mainly through elastic shortening, shrinkage and creep of the concrete and creep of the steel. Striking : The releasing or lowering of centering of arches or lintels. ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE: The horizontal push from earth onto a wall. RUN-OFF: The amount of water from rain, snow, etc., which flows from a catchment area past a given point over a certain period. It can amount to considerably more than the pressure of the overlying soil. BRIDGE: A single or multiple span structures, including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruction such as water, a highway or railway and having a track or passageway for carrying traffic. ), or a removal of support at the foot due to cutting a railway or road or canal. INTERPOLATION: (1) Inferring the position of a point between known points on a graph by assuming that the variation between them is smooth. BINDER: (1) A material such as cement, tar, bitumen, gypsum plaster, lime, or similar material, when mixed with other material, it causes uniformity, consistency, solidification or cohesion. APPURTENANCE: An item which belong with, or is designed to complement something else (For example, a manhole is a sewer appurtenance.). PRECISION: Of a measurement, the fineness with which it has been read, therefore, precision is different from accuracy. Asphalt emulsions are produced by adding a small amount of emulsifying soap to asphalt cement and water. PRIME COAT: The initial application of a low viscosity bituminous material to an absorbent surface, preparatory to any subsequent treatment, for the purpose of hardening or toughening the surface and promoting adhesion between it and the superimposed constructed layer. The most important admixtures for concrete are accelerators, air-entraining agents, plasticizers and retarders. Hydroscopic: A substance that attracts water from the air. RAPID-HARDENING or HIGH-EARLY-STRENGTH CEMENT: A portland cement which hardens more quickly than ordinary Portland cement and is more costly because it is more finely ground. FINE AGGREGATE: (1) Sand or grit for concrete which passes the No. Corbel: One or more courses of brick projecting from a wall like a cornice), generally to form a support for wall plates, etc. SURFACE COURSE: One or more layers of specified materials designed to accommodate the traffic load; the top layer of which resists skidding, traffic abrasion and the disintegrating effect of climate. PIER: A wide column or a wall of masonry, plain or reinforced concrete for carrying heavy loads, such as a support for a bridge. Cement mortar shrinks by a similar amount. POST-TENSIONING: A method of pre-stressing concrete in which the cables are pulled or the concrete is jacked up after it has been placed. Grouting of ducts improves the bond and may reduce corrosion of the tendons but it prevents their inspection and re-tensioning or renewal. Related Tags: engineering – civil engineer – structural – concrete – construction – dictionary – definition – soil – cement – foundation – definitions – mixing – term – surveying – water – seasoning – glossary – materials. Typically, this type of land has a very long strip but narrow width. MONOLITHIC CONSTRUCTION: Constructed as one piece. KINETIC ENERGY: The energy of a moving body due to its mass and motion. Mezzanine floor : An additional (low storey) floor, gallery or balcony erected between the floor and ceiling of any storey. The five types of joints are: contraction, expansion, hinge or hinged joint, settlement and sliding joints. GRADING: Shaping and levelling the ground surface, usually by earth-moving equipments such as graders. BRIDGE LENGTH: The greater dimension of a structure measured along the center of the roadway between backs of abutment back-walls or between ends of the bridge floor. JOIST: A horizontal wooden, steel or precast concrete beam directly supporting a floor. Common methods are mixing the soil with cement or waste oil or imported soil, also compaction or merely covering with a primer. SUBSTRUCTURE: All that part of the bridge below the bridge seats, tops of piers, haunches of rigid frames or below the spring lines of arches. DYKE: (1) A mound of earth along a river or channel bank to retain floodwater. TANDEM ROLLER: A road roller having rolls (drums) of about the same diameter behind each other on the same track. FREEWAY: A divided arterial highway with full control of access. BENCH MARK: A relatively fixed point whose elevation is known and used as a datum for levelling. Soup header :A brick header not extending the full length of a brick into a wall, usually half a brick. The strength loss is roughly 5% for each 1% air entrained. (2) Removing formwork. FIXED COSTS: Any necessary labor, material and equipment costs, directly expended on the item or items under consideration which remain constant regardless of the quantity of the work done. Air entrained concrete produced by adding an admixture to concrete or cement, which drags small bubbles of air (Smaller than 1 mm in diameter) into the concrete mix. The advantages of this mix are: It stops cracks from reflecting through pavement layers, reduce the riding tires noise and is a useful way to dispose of the used rubber tires. Moment (M) = Stress × Modulus of Section or (M) = Force × Arm. DADO: Concrete barrier on the sides of bridge approach slab; the part of pedestal between cap and base. RIGHT-OF-WAY: A general term denoting land, property of interest therein, usually in a strip, acquired for or devoted to transportation purposes. HEDGE: A row of closely planted shrubs forming a fence. . 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