In reality, Numerian had died either a natural death or from a stroke of lightning. En ambas partes del imperio los tetrarcas obtuvieron grandes victorias militares: aplastaron la rebelión de Carausio en Britania (296), acabaron con las revueltas sociales de Egipto (297) y fijaron la frontera romana en el río Tigris, tras derrotar a los persas (298). function citapers() { var x = document.getElementsByTagName("title"); document.getElementById("perscita").innerHTML = x[0].innerHTML;} His reign is also noted for the last great persecution of the Christians. Se enroló en el ejército y pasó los primeros años de su vida en incesantes campañas a lo largo de la frontera del Danubio, en la Galia y luchando contra los persas. In 284, during that campaign, Numerian, Carinus’s brother and coemperor, was found dead in his litter, and his adoptive father, the praetorian prefect Aper, was accused of having killed him in order to seize power. Al contrario, grande era la vitalità e profondo il carisma personale di quell’uomo di umili origini, nato presumibilmente il 22 dicembre del 244 a Salona, in Dalmazia, in una famiglia di origini oscure. Gold coin depicting Roman emperor Diocletian. Suo padre, uno scriba, gli aveva appena insegnato a leggere e scrivere, ma l’educazione del giovane era ben lontana da quella dei rampolli delle famiglie aristocratiche, che ricevevano invece la formazione classica, la cosiddetta “paideia”. As Roman emperor for more than 20 years (284–305 CE), Diocletian brought stability, security, and efficient government to the Roman state after nearly half a century of chaos. Aquel mismo año, a fin de acabar con las usurpaciones militares y las tendencias centrífugas que amenazaban con desmembrar el imperio, Diocleciano decidió asociar al poder a otro oficial ilirio de su confianza, Maximiano, a quien cedió el control de la mitad occidental del imperio, primero con el título de césar y después con el de augusto Herculius (286). The gens name Aurelius did not appear until March 1, 286—that is, until after his accession. He instituted lasting administrative, military, and financial reforms and introduced a short-lived system of power sharing between four rulers, two augusti and two caesars (the tetrarchy). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Premium Membership is now 50% off! He received the name Diocles first, then the name Valerius, after the name of his daughter, Valeria, who married Galerius in 293. His father was a scribe or the emancipated slave of a senator called Anullinus. Biografía de Diocleciano Cayo Aurelio Valerio Diocleciano (244 d. C – 316 d. C) Nació en Salona, Dalmacia (actual Croacia). Aper’s guilt was accepted by contemporaries, but it was also true that a prediction had been made to Diocletian previously, telling him that he would become emperor on the day he killed a boar (Latin: aper). Diocleciano (244-311) fue un emperador romano que gobernó entre 284 y 305. Like many of those who preceded him, after entering the military, he rose quickly through the ranks, eventually becoming a member of an elite corps within the Illyrian army. Thus, in midsummer of 285, Diocletian became master of the empire. These may have been either in Gaul, as reported in the Historia Augusta, or in Moesia. window.onload=function comocitar() {citapers();citaurl();} Diocletian, Latin in full Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, original name Diocles, (born 245 ce, Salonae?, Dalmatia [now Solin, Croatia]—died 316, Salonae), Roman emperor (284–305 ce) who restored efficient government to the empire after the near anarchy of the 3rd century. Breve biografía de Diocleciano. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Diocletian, Ancient History Encyclopedia - Biography of Diocletian, Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Diocletian. Little is known of his origins. Diocles, who would become known to history as Diocletian, was born of humble origins on December 22, 245 CE in the Balkan province of Dalmatia. At the urging of the caesar Galerius, in 303 Diocletian began the last major persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire, resulting in the destruction of churches and the torture and execution of Christians who refused to sacrifice to the Roman gods. var f=new Date();document.write(f.getDate() + " de " + meses[f.getMonth()] + " de " + f.getFullYear());. Llevó a cabo la persecución más sangrienta de los cristianos en el Imperio Romano. His reorganization of the fiscal, administrative, and military machinery of the empire laid the foundation for the Byzantine Empire in the East and temporarily shored up the decaying empire in the West. En detrimento del pujante cristianismo, hizo obligatorio el culto a Júpiter como elemento cohesionador del imperio, lo cual provocó una cruenta persecución contra los cristianos entre los años 303 y 311. Save 50% off a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. An indecisive battle near the confluence of the Margus (modern Morava) and Danube rivers, not far from present-day Belgrade, would have been a defeat for Diocletian had Carinus not been assassinated by a group of soldiers. From these it appears that he was tall and thin, with a large forehead, a short, strong nose, a hard mouth, and a determined chin. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Galerius, who succeeded Diocletian as augustus in 305, continued the persecution until 311. Recuperado de Updates? Professor of Latin Language and Literature, University of Besançon, France. Diocleciano fue un destacado soldado de procedencia iliria, el cual se abrió […] The only definite fact known about Diocletian during this period is that he was among those army chiefs whom Carinus gathered, together with the Illyrians, to fight against the Persians. Militar y emperador romano, recordado por sus acciones contra los profesantes del cristianismo, religión que vio como un peligro para el imperio romano. Diocleciano (Cayo Aurelio Valerio Diocleciano; Salona, actual Croacia, h. 245 - Spalato, hoy Split, id., 316) Emperador romano (284-305). Cómo citar este artículo:Ruiza, M., Fernández, T. y Tamaro, E. (2004). The rest of the empire was obedient to Numerian’s brother Carinus. function citaurl() { var x = location.href; document.getElementById("urlcita").innerHTML = x;} After having put down a revolt by Julianus, a troop commander in Pannonia, whom he attacked and killed near Verona, Carinus proceeded to attack Diocletian. Nothing is known of his wife, Prisca, other than what the contemporary Latin Christian writer Lactantius Firmianus says in his De mortibus persecutorum, which is of debatable veracity. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Later, his abilities were rewarded when he became an army commander in Moesia, a northern Balkan province located just west of the Black Sea. Se reservó para sí el gobierno de la mitad oriental y la dignidad de augusto Iovius, la cual, al vincularlo a Júpiter, la principal divinidad romana, le confería un poder superior al de Maximiano. En Biografías y Vidas. Diocletian’s biography has been obscured by legends, rhetoric, the dubiousness of documents, and the hostility of his adversaries. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He designated Aper as the criminal and killed him personally. Tras el asesinato del emperador Numeriano, en el 284, Diocleciano dio muerte a Arrio Aper, el presunto homicida, y fue proclamado emperador por el ejército de Asia Menor. Diocletian was an adherent of the traditional Roman religion involving worship of the pantheon of deities including Jove (Jupiter), Mars, Apollo, and others. El índice del trabajo es: breve biografía de Diocleciano; la persecución y la bibliografía. Author of. el var meses = new Array ("enero","febrero","marzo","abril","mayo","junio","julio","agosto","septiembre","octubre","noviembre","diciembre"); Así, por ejemplo, recortó la autoridad del Senado, transformó las 57 provincias existentes en 96 y las agrupó en 12 diócesis, separó en cada provincia el gobierno civil del militar para impedir las usurpaciones imperiales y estableció nuevos impuestos, tanto territoriales como personales (capitación). Diocleciano nació en Dalmacia de muy baja cuna. La enciclopedia biográfica en línea. Omissions? Dedicado a la vida contemplativa, que sólo abandonó para intentar solucionar sin éxito las disputas existentes entre los tetrarcas (307), murió en su retiro de Spalato en el 316. Nacido en el seno de una humilde familia iliria, Cayo Aurelio Valerio Diocleciano emprendió una carrera militar que, sin ser excesivamente brillante, le permitió convertirse primero en comandante de la guardia imperial y más tarde en cónsul. Nacido en el seno de una humilde familia iliria, Cayo Aurelio Valerio Diocleciano emprendió una carrera militar que, sin ser excesivamente brillante, le permitió convertirse primero en comandante de la guardia imperial y más tarde en cónsul. Así, Diocleciano, que había fijado su capital en Nicomedia, se ocupó de la parte de Oriente; Galerio, que residía en Sirmio, atendió los asuntos de las zonas situadas al sur del Danubio, desde los Alpes hasta el Mar Negro; Maximiano, que alternaba residencia entre Milán y Aquileia, tenía a su cargo África, Hispania e Italia; y, por último, Constancio Cloro vigilaba desde Tréveris a las Galias y Britania. Con la aparición de estos colaboradores de jerarquía inferior, la dirección del imperio quedó en manos de una tretrarquía, forma de gobierno que permitía, por una parte, asegurar la unidad territorial y, por otra, solucionar los problemas de cada región con celeridad y eficacia. (Cayo Aurelio Valerio Diocleciano; Salona, actual Croacia, h. 245 - Spalato, hoy Split, id., 316) Emperador romano (284-305). With the death of Aper, however, Diocletian was relieved of an eventual competitor and, retroactively, his act had been granted sacred meaning. Or he may have been a member of the Roman emperor Carinus’s bodyguard. Diocles, having adopted the name Diocletianus, entered history like so many of those emperors who emerged from the shadows through force of arms, brought to power by the army. Diocleciano (Cayo Aurelio Valerio Diocleciano) nació cerca de Saloma (actual Croacia), en la costa de Dalmacia, en el año 244. Black Friday Sale! Acclaimed emperor on November 17, 284, Diocletian possessed real power only in those countries that were dominated by his army (i.e., in Asia Minor and possibly Syria). Like his predecessors, Diocletian promoted the cult of the emperor but also explicitly associated himself and his co-augustus, Maximian, with Jove and Hercules, respectively. La bipolarización de la autoridad imperial dio buenos resultados, pues Maximiano reprimió el movimiento bagauda surgido en las Galias, mientras Diocleciano recuperaba Armenia, aprovechando en beneficio propio las divisiones internas de los persas. Nació en Dioclea, cerca de Salona, en Dalmacia, el año 245, su nombre completo era Cayo Aurelio Valerio Diocleciano. Desaparecido Carino, coemperador y hermano de Numeriano, el Senado le reconoció la dignidad imperial un año más tarde, en el 285. Diocletian, Roman emperor (284–305 CE) who restored efficient government to the empire after the near anarchy of the 3rd century. His reign is also noted for the last great persecution of the Christians. Barcelona (España). And it was true, too, that he did not wish to wait much longer for the boar to come. En el 305, ya enfermo, renunció a sus responsabilidades políticas, abdicó en favor de Galerio y obligó a Maximiano a hacer otro tanto en beneficio de Constancio Cloro, padre del futuro emperador Constantino el Grande. Diocletian’s complete name, found in official inscriptions, is given as Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus. Here again, rhetoric has obscured the real events. Paralelamente, Diocleciano llevó a cabo una serie de importantes reformas internas que perseguían centralizar el poder, racionalizar la administración, sanear la economía y reorganizar el ejército. When Diocletian, acclaimed as emperor by his soldiers, appeared for the first time in public dressed in the imperial purple, he declared himself innocent of Numerian’s murder. What is known of his appearance is based on coin effigies and on sculptures. Sin embargo, los conflictos políticos y sociales en el imperio iban en aumento, razón por la que, en mayo del 293, Diocleciano vinculó al poder en calidad de césares a otros dos militares: Constancio Cloro para Occidente y Galerio para Oriente. ¿Desea reproducir alguna biografía en su web. Up to the time of his accession, Diocletian had lived most of his life in military camps. . Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? Procedente de una humilde familia iliria se inició tempranamente en la vida militar participando en numerosas campañas, en la frontera danubiana, en la Galia y combatiendo a los persas, que le permitieron convertirse primero en comandante de la guardia imperial y más tarde en cónsul. He laid the foundation for the Byzantine Empire in the East and shored up the decaying empire in the West.